Imuscle 2 download free pc1/10/2023 ![]() ![]() A statistically significant correlation was also observed between the length of the DM spinal part and the length of the arm (p = 0.01). In addition, statistically significant correlations were found between the width of the spinal attachment and the length of the spinal part (p = 0.002), and between the width of the spinal attachment and the length of the arm (p = 0.0008). Correlations between the entire width of the DM origin and the length of the arm (p = 0.001), as well as between the length of the acromial part of the DM and the length of the arm (p = 0.003) were found. In 1 limb, although the spinal part of the DM was clearly separated, it shared a common insertion with the remaining parts (Fig. In all specimens, it was possible to precisely identify three parts of the DM: the clavicular (anterior), acromial (middle) and spinal (posterior) parts. All calculations were performed with STATISTICA software (version 10.0 PL). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was applied to identify correlations, as it does not require assumptions such as parameter tests of Pearson’s linear correlation. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test whether the distribution of the values was normal. The degrees of correlation were analysed between the width of the origins of particular DM parts, between the length of these parts and the length of the arm, and between the entire width of the DM origin and the length of the arm. ![]() The collected measurements underwent statistical analysis. Upon identification of the origin and end tendons (OT and ET), some of the muscle fibres were gently removed from the inner part of the DM to gain access to the muscle structure approximately midway along its length. In those cases, the DM was dissected also from its insertion on the deltoid tuberosity. The final stage of the study consisted of an assessment of the segmented morphology of the DM on 6 isolated muscle specimens. Thus, it was possible to precisely observe the scheme of DM innervation by individual branches of the AN. Upon visualisation, AN branches reaching particular parts of the DM were marked with pins of different colours. Next, the neurovascular bundle was dissected in the quadrangular space. While dissecting the muscle, connections between the DM and the infraspinous fascia were observed. After the measurements were taken, the origin of the DM was dissected to visualise the inner surface of the muscle, along with the AN. At this stage of the dissection, it was also possible to follow the connections between the fascia enveloping the DM and the adjacent structures. As described by Fridén and Lieber, length measurements of the clavicular and spinal parts of the DM were taken along their external edges, while the acromial part of the DM was measured at the midline. A pin was put in the humerus in the most distal point of the DM insertion on the deltoid tuberosity. ![]() The boundary between the middle and the posterior parts runs along the bony landmark called ‘acromial angle’ of the scapula, distinguishable in all the cases as a palpable lump. The acromial end of the clavicle was accepted as the borderline between the anterior part and the middle part of the DM. Each measurement was repeated to an accuracy of within 1 mm, and the average of both measurements, ro- unded up to 1 mm, was accepted as the final result. Anthropometric points were indicated with pins. Following this, the lengths of the individual parts of the DM were measured, as well as the width of their attachments. At the initial stage of the dissection, classic methods were used: cautious removal of skin along with subcutaneous tissue from the shoulder and arm region while retaining the fascia. The research project and all procedures were approved by the Bioethics Commission of the Medical University of Lodz (protocol no. Any specimen displaying deformations, injuries and scars in the shoulder and arm region were excluded prior to ad- mission. Only those limbs with an anatomical position at the GH joint were selected. For the purpose of the study, 17 upper limbs (9 right and 8 left) fixed in a 10% formalin solution were used as specimens. DM structure and confirm whether there is a scheme of the DM innervation corresponding to the segmen- ted morphology of the muscle (2) To make a detailed description of the parameters of individual DM attachments (3) To present a wider view of the anatomical connections of the DM to the adjacent structures by fascial structures.
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